Appendicitis sign and symptoms

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix.

Symptoms usually include pain in the right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. However, about 40% of people do not have these specific symptoms. Severe complications of a ruptured appendix include extensive, painful inflammation of the abdominal wall and the inner lining of the vessel.

Appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the hollow part of the appendix. This is most commonly due to the calcified "stone" made of the mill. Swollen lymphoid tissues from viral infections, parasites, stones, or tumors can also cause a blockage. This obstruction causes an increase in pressure in the appendix, a decrease in blood flow to the tissues of the appendix, and the growth of bacteria inside the appendix, which causes inflammation. The combination of inflammation reduces blood flow to the appendix, and separation from the appendix leads to tissue injury and tissue death. If this process is not kept in check, the appendix can rupture, releasing bacteria into the abdominal cavity, causing severe abdominal pain and increasing complications.

The diagnosis of appendicitis is largely based on the person's signs and symptoms. In cases where the diagnosis cannot be made based on the person's history and physical examination, close observation, radiographic imaging, and laboratory tests may be helpful. The two most common imaging tests used are ultrasound and computed tomography (CT scan). CT scan has been found to be more accurate than ultrasound in detecting acute appendicitis. However, in children and pregnant women, ultrasound may be preferred as the first imaging test because of the risks associated with exposure to radiation from CT scans.

The standard treatment for acute appendicitis is the surgical removal of the appendix. This can be done through an open incision in the abdomen (laparotomy) or through a few small incisions with the help of cameras (laparoscopy). Surgery reduces the risk of side effects or death associated with the rupture of the appendix. Antibiotics can be just as effective in some cases of ruptured appendicitis. It is a common and important cause of severe abdominal pain that occurs rapidly all over the world. There were about 16 million cases of appendicitis in 2013. This resulted in 72,000 deaths worldwide. In the United States, surgery is a common cause of abdominal pain. Each year in the United States, more than 300,000 people are infected with appendicitis, and the increase is surgically removed. Reginald Fitz is credited with being the first person to explain the situation in 1886.

Sign and Symptoms of Appendicitis

• Pain in the abdomen
• Appetite loss
• Nausea
• Fever
• Tenderness in Abdomen

Acute appendicitis offers abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. As the appendix becomes more swollen and inflamed, it causes irritation adjacent to the abdominal wall. This leads to pain localization of the lower right side. This classic migration of pain is not seen in children under three years of age. This pain can be relieved by symptoms and can be severe. Symbols include local information in the right iliac fossa. The abdominal wall becomes very sensitive to light pressure (heartbeat). A sudden release of deep pressure into the lower abdomen causes severe pain (recovery). If the appendix is ​​reticular (localized behind the sacrum), deep pressure in the lower right side may also fail to eliminate soft tissue (silent appendix). This is because, apart from gas, sebum protects the swollen appendage from pressure. Similarly, if the appendix is ​​completely inside the pelvis, there is usually a complete absence of abdominal stiffness. In such cases, a digital rectal examination relaxes the rectangular pouch. Coughing causes a sore spot (McBurney Point) in this area.

Diagnose of Appendicitis: 

The patient's history and examination are necessary and helpful to suspect the disease.

Appendicitis can be detected by some of these processes

• White blood cell count
• Urine test analysis
• USG Abdomen(Ultrasonography)
• Barium enema
• CT Scan (computerized tomography)
• Laparoscopy

Diagnosis is based on medical history (symptoms) and physical examination in which neutrophilic white blood cells are elevated and imaging studies can be assisted if needed. (Neutrophils are the primary blood cells that respond to bacterial infections.) Dates fall into two categories, normal and atypical.

Common appendicitis involves several hours of abdominal pain that begins with anorexia, nausea, or vomiting in the duct region. The pain then "becomes localized" in the right quadrant where the softness intensifies. It is possible that this pain may occur in people sitting in the lower back with sepsis.

Atypical histories lack this normal development and may include pain in the right lower back as an early symptom. Irritation of the peritoneum (the inner lining of the abdominal wall) can cause increased pain in movement or tremors, for example over speed bumps. Natural history often requires imaging with ultrasound and/or CT scanning.

The appendix is ​​a closed, narrow, worm-like tube several inches in length attached to the cecum (the first part of the colon). (The physical name for the appendix, vermiform appendix, means worm-like appendix.) The inner layer of the appendix produces a small amount of mucus that flows into the open central part of the appendix and into the sacrum. The appendix wall contains lymphatic tissue that is part of the immune system. Like the rest of the large intestine, the appendix wall has a layer of muscle, but the muscle layer develops poorly.

It is not clear whether supplementation plays an important role in the body in older children and adults. In young children, it may have an immune function. There is no major, long-term health problem as a result of eliminating the supplement, although a slight increase has been noted in some diseases, for example, Crohn's disease.

Laparoscopy: 

Laparoscopic appendectomy has been a growing intervention for acute appendicitis since its introduction in 1983. The surgery involves making three to four incisions in the abdomen, each 0.25 to 0.5 inches (6.4 to 12.7 mm) long. This type of appendectomy is performed by inserting a special surgical instrument called a laparoscope. The laparoscope is attached to the monitor outside the person's body and is designed to assist the surgeon in examining the affected area in the abdomen. The other two incisions are made using surgical instruments for the specific removal of the appendix. Laparoscopic surgery requires general anesthesia and can last up to two hours. Laparoscopic appendectomy Open appendectomy has many benefits, including postoperative recovery, low postoperative pain, and low level of surgical site infection. However, intra-abdominal abscesses are about three times more common in laparoscopic appendectomy than an open appendectomy.

 Pathology diagnoses:

Although there are no laboratory tests specific to appendicitis, a complete blood count (CBC) is performed to check for signs of infection. Although 70-90% of people with appendicitis may have a white blood cell count (WBC), there are many other conditions of the abdomen and pelvis that can increase the number of WBCs.

Urine usually does not show an infection, but it is important to determine the status of the pregnancy, especially in a woman of childbearing age who is likely to have an ectopic pregnancy. Uranalysis is also necessary to rule out urinary tract infections as a cause of abdominal pain. The presence of a high-strength field of more than 20 WBCs in the urine is more indicative of a urinary tract disorder.

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