FLU (INFLUENZA)

DEFINITION OF FLU:
There is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs. It spreads easily.
This article discusses types A and B of influenza. Another type of flu is swine flu (H1N1).
OTHER NAMES:
It is also called

•  Influenza A;
•  Influenza B;
•  Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - flu;
•  Zanamivir (Relenza) - flu;
• Vaccine - flu

CAUSES OF FLU:
The flu is caused by a virus named the influenza virus.

Most people get the flu when they cough, breathe in air or small droplets of air, or someone has the flu. You can also catch the flu if you touch something with the virus on it, and then touch your mouth, nose, or eyes.

People often catch colds and flu. they're different, but you'll have a number of these symptoms. most of the people get the flu several times a year. In contrast, people only get the flu once every few years

Sometimes, you can get a virus that causes you to have diarrhea or diarrhea. Some people call it "stomach flu". This is a misleading name because the virus is not the real flu. The flu mostly affects your nose, throat, and lungs.

FLU SIGN & SYMPTOMS:
Flu symptoms often start early. You may start to get sick 1 to 7 days after you come in contact with the virus. Most of the time symptoms appear in 2 to 3 days.

The flu spreads easily. It can affect a large group of people in a very short time. For example, students and co-workers get sick within 2 or 3 weeks of the flu coming to school or work.

The first symptom is a fever between 102 ° F (39 ° C) and 106 ° F (41 between C). Adults often have a lower fever than children.

Other common symptoms include:

• Body aches
• It's getting cold
• Dizziness
• Glowing face
• Headache
• Lack of energy
• Nausea and vomiting

Fever, pain, and discomfort begin to subside after 2 to 4 days. But there are new symptoms, including:

• Dry cough
• Increased symptoms that affect breathing
• Runny nose (clean and clear water)
• Sneeze
• Sore throat

Most symptoms disappear in four to seven days. Coughing and tiredness can last for weeks. Sometimes, the fever comes back.

Some people may not feel like eating.

The flu can worsen asthma, shortness of breath, and other long-term (chronic) illnesses and conditions.
TREATMENT OF FLU:
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) help reduce fever. Providers sometimes recommend that you use both types of medications. Do not use aspirin.

The fever does not need to come down as usual. Most people feel better when the temperature drops by 1 degree.

Anti-cold medicines can improve some of your symptoms. Cough drops or throat sprays will help with your sore throat.

You will need a lot of rest. Drink plenty of fluids. Don't drink or drink alcohol.

Collective drugs

Most people with mild symptoms feel better in 3 to 4 days. They do not need to see a provider or take antiviral drugs.

Providers may prescribe antiviral drugs to people who become very ill with the flu. If you are more likely to have flu complications, you may need these medications. The following health concerns may increase your risk of getting the flu.

• Lung disease (including asthma)
• Heart conditions (except hypertension)
• Kidney, liver, nerve, and muscle conditions
• Blood disorders (including scale cell disease)
• Diabetes
• Weakened immune systems due to diseases (such as AIDS), radiation therapy, or certain medications, including chemotherapy and corticosteroids.
• The second is a long-term medical problem

These medications can shorten the duration of your symptoms by about 1 day. They will work better if you start taking them within 2 days of your first symptoms.

Children who are at risk for a serious flu case may also need these medications.
Influenza viruses A, B, and C are very similar in structure. The virus particle is 80-120 nanometers in diameter and is usually almost spherical, although fibrous shapes can occur. These volcanic forms are more common in influenza C, which can form long, long, 500-meter-long segments on the surfaces of infected cells. However, despite these different forms, the viral particles of all influenza viruses are the same in structure. They are made up of a viral envelope containing two main types of glycoproteins, which are wrapped around the central nucleus. The core consists of the viral RNA genome and other viral proteins that pack and store this RNA. RNA is trapped on one side, but in special cases, it doubles. Unusually for a virus, it does not have a single piece of genomic nucleic acid. Instead, it consists of seven or eight fragments of divided negative RNA, each fragment of RNA containing one or two genes, which code the product of the gene (protein). For example, the influenza A genome contains 11 genes on eight fragments of RNA, encoded for 11 proteins: hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), nucleoprotein (NP), M1, M2, NS1, NS2 (NEP: nuclear export protein), PA, PB1 (polymerase core 1), PB1-F2 and PB2.


Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are the two major glycoproteins outside viral particles. HA is a lectin that mediates the binding of viruses to target cells and the entry of the viral genome into target cells, while NA is involved in the release of offspring viruses from infected cells, Binds particles. Thus, these proteins are the target of antiviral drugs. In addition, there are antigens that can be used to pick up antibodies. The influenza A virus is classified into subtypes based on the antibody response of HA and NA. These different types of HA and NA serve as examples of H and N distinctions, for example, H5N1. The 16 H and 9 N subtypes are known, but only H 1, 2 and 3, and N 1 and 2 are commonly found in humans.

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