The most dangerous drug in humans is Cocaine. Once a person starts taking drugs, it is almost impossible to break free from their grip physically and mentally. Physically, it activates important receptors (sensing nerve endings) inside the brain, which, in turn, creates a state of happiness that allows users to develop a tolerance quickly. Only higher doses and more frequent use can have the same effect.
Today, Cocaine is a worldwide, multi-billion dollar business. Consumers cover all ages, professions, and economic backgrounds, even school children up to eight.
Cocaine use can lead to death from respiratory failure, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain), or heart attack—children of mothers addicted to CocaineCocaine come into the world in drugs. Many people suffer from congenital disabilities and many other problems.
Despite its dangers, cocaine use continues to grow because consumers find it so difficult to escape the first steps taken on the dark, long, long road that leads to intoxication. Cocaine, also called coke, is a potent stimulant that uses as a recreational drug. It injects, inhaled, or injected into a vein. Mental effects can include loss of contact with reality, intense feelings of happiness, or irritability. Physical symptoms may include rapid heartbeat, sweating, and large pupils. High blood pressure or body temperature can occur. Effects start in seconds to minutes and last from five to ninety minutes. Cocaine has a very low number of accepted medical uses, such as counting and bleeding during nasal surgery.
Cocaine is addictive because it affects the reward pathways in the brain. After a short period of use, there will be a high-risk dependence. Its use also increases stroke, myocardial infection, lung problems, smoking, blood infections, and sudden cardiac death. Cocaine sold on the street mixed with local anesthetics, corn starch, quinine, or sugar, causing additional toxicity. After repeated doses, a person may lose the ability to feel happy and be physically very tired.
Cocaine prevents serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from taking again. As a result, the brain has a density of these three neurotransmitters. It easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and causes the border to break—cocaine made from the coca plant leaves, which is grown mostly in South America. In 2013, 419 kg was produced legally. The illicit cocaine market is estimated at 100 billion to 500 500 billion each year. With further processing crack, cocaine can be made from cocaine.
After cannabis, cocaine is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide. 14 to 21 million people use this drug every year. Consumption is highest in North America, followed by Europe and South America. Mostly three percent of people in the developed world have used cocaine at some point in their lives. Direct use of cocaine in 2013 resulted in 4,300 deaths, up from 2,400 in 1990. Cocaine was first isolated from leaves in 1860. About 1961, the International Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to criminalize the recreational use of cocaine.
Cocaine use in Medicine
Topical cocaine can be used as a topical numbing agent to help with painful procedures in the mouth or nose. TAC is one such form used for pediatric diseases.
Cocaine has historically been used as a topical anesthetic in eye and nose surgery, although it is now used mainly for nose and wood duct surgery. This use's significant disadvantages are the severe vasoconstrictor activity of cocaine and the possibility of cardiac toxicity. Cocaine has since been extensively replaced in Western medicine by synthetic topical anesthetics such as benzine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and tetracycline, although it is available for use if specified. If vasoconstriction is required for a procedure (because it is bleeding), the anesthetic is combined with a vasoconstrictor such as phenytoin or epinephrine. It is currently recommended in Australia to use topical anesthetics for conditions such as mouth and lung ulcers. Some ENT specialists occasionally use cocaine while performing procedures such as nasal congestion. In this scenario, the dissolved cocaine is soaked in a cotton ball, followed by a 10-15-15 minute procedure. The latter is placed in the fistula, thus playing a dual role in reducing this area and vasoconstriction. Even when used in this way, some of the cocaine used can be absorbed via the oral or nasal mucosa and give systemic effects. This is, the Alternative method of administration for ENT surgery is a combination of adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate, such as MoFT solution.
Insufflation of Cocaine:
Inflammation of the nose (also known as "snoring," "sniffing," or "blowing") is a common form of recreational powdered cocaine—the drug absorbed through the mucous membranes in the lining of the nasal passages. When cocaine is expelled, the absorption through the nasal membranes is about 30-60%, which increases the efficiency of absorption in large quantities. Any substance that is not absorbed directly through the mucous membranes is collected in the mucus and swallowed. In a cocaine user study, the average time to reach subject effects was 14.6 minutes. Damage of the internal side of the nose because cocaine restricts the blood vessels. And that's why blood and oxygen/nutrients flow here. After cocaine desecration, newborns cause irritation and damage to the mucous membranes by foreign particles and pollutants, not cocaine. As a vasoconstrictor, cocaine works to reduce bleeding.
Rolled-up banknotes, hollow-out pens, chopped straw, pointed tips, select spoons, long nails, and (clean) tampons are often used by applicants to decorate cocaine. Such devices are often called "tooters" by consumers. Cocaine is usually injected into a flat, hard surface (such as a mirror, CD case, or book) and divided into "bumps," "lines," or "rails," and then inflated. The amount of cocaine in a line different from person to person and occasionally (purity of cocaine is also a factor), but a line is generally considered a dose and is usually 35 mg (" bump ") to 100 mg (a" reel "). Because a tolerance builds up quickly in the short term (hours), many, many lines are often snatched to make the most of it.
A 2001 study found that the distribution of straw used to "sort" cocaine could spread blood diseases such as hepatitis C.
Oral use of Cocaine:
Most of the cocaine addicts rub the powder along the gum line or on the cigarette filter, smoked, which handles the gums and teeth. Most of this cocaine remains on the surface after a small amount of inflation (sorting). Another oral method is to wrap some cocaine in rolling paper and swallow it (parachute). It's also sometimes called a "snow bomb."
Cocaine as Injectable use:
The drug injection provides the highest blood levels of the drug in a short time. Side effects not commonly shared with other administration methods include ringing in the ears after injection (usually when it is more than 120 mg), including tendonitis and audio distortion. This is called "bell ringing." Cocaine user's study shows, the average time for the full effects was 3.1 minutes. Excitement passes quickly. Aside from the toxic effects of Cocaine, there is also a risk of circulating ammo from the anesthetic substances used to cut the drug. As sterile injection equipment is not available or used, there is a risk that the user will contract a blood-borne infection. Furthermore, because Cocaine is a vasoconstrictor, and its use often involves multiple injections over several hours or less, injections are gradually becoming more difficult, resulting in more injections. And illicit injections may yield other results.
The injectable mixture of Cocaine and heroin, called "speedball," is a particularly dangerous combination, as the drug's side effects complement each other. Still, even higher doses can mask the symptoms. ۔ Cocaine is responsible for many deaths, including celebrities such as John Belushi, Chris Farley, Mitch Hedberg, Phoenix River, Lane Staley, and Philip Seymour Huffman.
Experimentally, cocaine injections could be given to animals to fruit flies to study the mechanism of cocaine addiction.
Cocaine Inhalation:
Inhalation or smoking is one of the many ways in which cocaine is administered. By heating the cocaine and reducing the solid cocaine, the fever is inhaled and smoked. In a 2000 Brooklyn National Laboratory Medical Department study, based on self-reports from 32 abusers, the "peak height" was found to be 1.4 minutes +/- 0.5 minutes apart. Cocaine pyrolysis products that occur only when heated/smoked are shown to change the effect profile, i.e., when administered in combination with Cohen, the CPU, and NAC of the brain, Dopamine is increased in areas and is associated with M1- and M3-receptors.
Smoke-free base or crack cocaine is often completed using a pipe made of a small glass tube, often taken from "love roses" with small paper tubes of paper roses that are used as romantic gifts. Is promoted. They are sometimes called "trunks," "horns," "blasters," and "straight shooters." A small piece of clean heavy copper or the occasional stainless steel scouring pad - often called a "braille" (the original braille pad contains soap, and is not used) or a "core" (core boy brand copper scouring pad) Attributed by name). Reduction base and flow modulator in which "rock" can melt and evaporate. Creek smokers sometimes smoke through soda cans with holes in the bottom.
The crack is placed at the end of the pipe and smoked. The nearby flame produces vapor, which is inhaled through smoking. The effects are felt immediately after smoking, are very severe, and do not last long - usually 2 to 10 minutes.
When smoked, cocaine is sometimes mixed with other drugs, such as cannabis, often in combination or in combination. Powdered cocaine is also sometimes smoked, although heat removes much of the chemical. Smokers often spray it on cannabis.
Like street packaging methods for street sales, they refer to ways to tear the tongue and smoke cocaine.
Cocaine Adverse Effects:
Acute Effects:
The drug can cause itching with excessive or prolonged use, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and dizziness. Overeating causes high blood pressure and a significant elevation of blood pressure, leading to death, arrhythmias, and death.
Anxiety, fainting, and restlessness can also occur, especially during the return. With an overdose, earthquakes, convulsions, and an increase in body temperature are seen. Severe cardiac adverse events, especially sudden cardiac death, become a serious risk due to the effect of cocaine blocking on cardiac sodium channels.
Chronic Effects:
To meet the chronic cocaine overdose. It can cause a severe imbalance in the surface of the transmitter. Thus, receptors disappear or reappear on the cell surface, resulting in either "off" or "working mode," or they change their sensitivity to bound partners (ligands). However, studies show that cocaine abusers do not show normal age-related damage to striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) sites, suggesting that cocaine has neuroprotective properties for dopamine neurons. Possible side effects include uneasy appetite, pain, insomnia / excessive sleepiness, lethargy, and runny nose. The pressure of suicide ideology can increase in very heavy consumers. Finally, loss of vascular monoamine transporters, neurofilament proteins, and other form changes indicates long-term damage to dopamine neurons. All of these effects increase tolerance, so a large dose is required to achieve the same effect. The lack of a small amount of serotonin and dopamine in the brain and the dysphoria and depression felt after the initial high. Evacuation is not dangerous. Physical changes caused by cocaine withdrawal include vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersensitivity, increased appetite, and psychological retardation.
Physical side effects from chronic cocaine smoking include whooping cough, bleeding, bronchoconstriction, itching, fever, protruding alveolar infiltration without sehri, lung trauma, sore throat, asthma, hoarseness, dyspnea ۔, And painful, flu-like syndrome. Cocaine narrows blood vessels, clears pupils, and raises body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. It can also cause headaches and gastric complications, such as abdominal pain and nausea. A common but unbelievable belief is that the chemical cigarette smoke of cocaine breaks down tooth enamel and causes tooth decay. However, cocaine often causes unnecessary tooth grinding, known as bruxism, which can damage tooth enamel and cause graduates.
Additionally, stimulants such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and even caffeine cause dehydration and dry mouth. Since saliva is an important mechanism for maintaining one's oral pH level, chronic stimulant users who do not hydrate sufficiently can cause their teeth to fall too low (below 5.5) to reduce their teeth' pH. It can experience tooth extraction.
Chronic intranasal use can reduce the separation of cartilage from the fistula (setam nasi), and ultimately lead to its complete disappearance. Due to the absorption of cocaine from cocaine hydrochloride, the remaining hydrochloride forms a dilute hydrochloric acid.
Cocaine can also greatly increase the risk of developing abnormal autoimmune or connective tissue diseases such as lupus, Goodpitcher syndrome, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and other diseases. It can also cause a wide range of kidney diseases and kidney failure.
Cocaine abuse doubles the risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes and increases the risk of other infections, such as myocardial infarction.
COCAINE
- Aunt Nora
- Bernice
- Binge
- Blow
- C
- Charlie
- Coke
- Dust
- Flake
- Mojo
- Nose candy
- Paradise
- Sneeze
- Sniff
- Snow
- Toot
- White
Although coca's stimulant and appetite-relieving properties known for centuries, isolation of cocaine alkaloids was not achieved until 1855. Various European scientists have tried to isolate cocaine. Still, none have succeeded for two reasons: the knowledge required chemistry at the time was insufficient, and the modern conditions for shipping ships from South America to European chemists. Cocaine can be harassed in available plant samples.
Cocaine alkaloids were first isolated in 1855 by the German chemist Friedrich Gadke. Gadke named the alkaloid "erythromycin", and published a description of it in the journal Archive der Pharmacy.
In 1856, Frederick Wheeler told Dr. Carl Schizer, a scientist aboard Novartis (an Austrian frigate sent by Emperor Francis Joseph to encircle the world), to ship it in large quantities from South America. They brought coca leaves. In 1859, the ship ended its voyage and found a trunk full of Wheeler Coca. Wheeler went to Albert Neiman, who had a Ph.D. Students at the University of Gینttingen in Germany, who then developed a better cleaning process.
In his paper, Neman describes every step taken to isolate cocaine as Dean Coca-Colatern (a new organic base in coca leaves), published in 1860. And now in the British Library. He wrote about the alkaloid's "colorless transparent aftertaste". He said that "its solution has an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promotes the flow of saliva and leaves a strange numbness, It feels cold when you touch the tongue later. " Neyman named alkaloid cocaine from "coca" (from Cochon "coca") + the suffix "in." Due to its use as a local anesthetic, a suffix "-cine" was later coined and used to create the synthetic local anesthetic name.
The structure of the cocaine molecule first synthesized and explained in 1898 by Richard Wooster. It was the first biochemical synthesis of organic structure in the scientific chemical literature. The synthetic, synthetic product, troponin, started with five steps. The name derives from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix "-ine," which forms "cocaine."
Medicalization:
With the discovery of this new alkaloid, Western medicine accelerated the exploitation of this plant's potential use.
In 1879, Vasily van Enrip of the University of Wirzburg devised an experiment to show the newly discovered alkaloids' analgesic properties. He developed two separate vessels, one containing a cocaine salt solution and the other containing only saltwater. He then immersed the frog's legs in two vessels, one in treatment and one in control solution, and proceeded to move the legs in several different ways. This leg, immersed in Quinn's solution, reacted very differently to the foot dipped in saltwater.
Carl Cooler (a close associate of Sigmund Freud, who later wrote about cocaine) experimented with oral cocaine. In an infamous experiment in 1884, he applied a solution of cocaine to his eye and then twisted it with pins. The results presented to the Heidelberg Ophthalmological Society. Also, in 1884, Jelnick demonstrated the effects of cocaine as an anesthetic to the respiratory system. In 1885, William Holst demonstrated nerve block anesthesia, and James Leonard Corning demonstrated periodontal anesthesia. In 1898, Heinrich Koenig saw the use of cocaine in spinal anesthesia.
Today, cocaine medical use is very limited.
Thank You For This Use Full
ReplyDelete