Things to know about Fever

Fever is actually a rise in body temperature. This condition can be caused by an internal infection. As the temperature rises, the body feels weak and, the person feels heavy. At the same time, dizziness often occurs and the ability to work is reduced. The most common causes of fever are TB, typhoid, malaria, or an organ disorder in the body. The body temperature is 98.6 Fahrenheit, but if the temperature rises above that, it means the body is fighting against an internal infection, which is a good thing. In healthy adult males and females, the normal, healthy temperature range for oral temperature is 33.2 3338.2 C (91.8–100.8 ° F), for rectum, it is 34.4 ––– .. 8 8 C for tympanic. (93.9–100.0 ° F) is the membrane (eardrum). It is 35.4–37.8 C (95.7–100.0 ° F), and for the axial (armpit) it is 35.5–37.0 C (95.9–98.6 F). ۔ [21] Harrison's Internal Medicine Principles define fever as morning oral temperature> 37.2 ° C (> 98.9 ° F) or> quarterly temperature> 37.7 ° C (> 99.9 F). The difference in daily temperature is usually 0.5% C (0.9 ° F).

General body temperature depends on many factors, including age, sex, time of day, ambient temperature, activity level, and more. Elevated temperatures do not always cause a fever. For example, a healthy person's temperature rises when they exercise, but it is not considered a fever, because a set point is normal. On the other hand, a "normal" temperature can be a fever, if it is abnormally high for that person. For example, medically weak older people have a reduced ability to produce body heat, so a temperature of 37.3 ° C (99.1 ° F) may represent a generally significant fever.

A pattern of temperature changes may occasionally indicate a diagnosis:

Types of Fever:

 Persistent fever: The temperature stays above normal throughout the day and does not fluctuate more than 1 ° C in 24 hours, e.g. Lobar pneumonia, typhoid, meningitis, urinary tract infection, or typhus. Typhoid fever can show a specific pattern of typhoid fever (typhoid fever's Wonderlich curve), in which the step is gradually increased and the elevation is higher. (Drops have been dropped due to antipyretic drugs.)

    Intermittent fever: The temperature rises only for a certain period of time, later returning to normal while cycling, e.g. Malaria, measles, mumps, or septicemia. The types are as follows

        Cotyledon fever, with an interval of 24 hours, usually Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium information malaria

•         Tartin fever (48 hours intermittently), Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale specific to malaria
•         Quarten fever (72-hour interval), common Plasmodium malaria.

    Accidental fever: The temperature stays above normal throughout the day and fluctuates more than 1 ° C in 24 hours, such as infectious endocarditis, brucellosis.

    Peel-Ebstein fever: A particular type of fever associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma is high for one week and low for the next week. However, there is some debate as to whether this pattern really exists.

A neutropenic fever, also called febrile neutropenia, is a fever in the absence of a normal immune system. Due to the lack of neutrophils that fight infections, bacterial infections can spread rapidly. This fever, therefore, is usually considered the need for immediate medical attention. This type of fever is more commonly seen in people who receive immunosuppressive chemotherapy than in seemingly healthy people.

Hyperlexia is an extreme elevation of body temperature that, depending on the source, is classified as equal to or equal to the underlying body temperature of 40.0 or 41.0 ° C (104.0 or 105.8 ° F). Such a high temperature is considered a medical emergency, as it may indicate a serious underlying condition or significant cyclic (ie, adverse effects that may result from the condition). The most common cause of hyperpyrexia is intracranial hemorrhage. Other possible causes include sepsis, Kawasaki syndrome, neuroplastic malignancy syndrome, drug overdose, serotonin syndrome, and thyroid dysfunction. Infections commonly associated with hyperpyrexia include glaucoma, measles, and intraviral infections. Immediate cooling below 38.0 aggressive C (102.0 F) has been found to improve survival. Hyperperia is different from hyperthermia in that the body temperature regulation mechanism in hyperpyrexia sets the body temperature above the normal temperature, then generates heat to achieve that temperature, whereas in hyperthermia the body temperature rises above a certain point due to an external source.

Hyperthermia is an example of a high temperature that is not feverish. It occurs for a number of reasons, including heatstroke, neuroplastic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, stimuli such as amphetamines and cocaine, idiosyncratic drug reactions, and serotonin syndrome.
Differential diagnosis of Fever

     Infectious diseases, such as influenza, primary HIV infection, malaria, Ebola, infectious mononucleosis, gastroenteritis, Lyme disease
     Various dermatitis, such as boils, boils
     Immunological diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, Kawasaki disease, still disease, Harton's disease, polyangiitis with granulomatosis, autoimmune hepatitis, recurrent polychondritis
     Tissue destruction, which can occur in hemolysis, surgery, infection, crush syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.
     Reactions to contraindicated blood products
     Cancer, usually kidney cancer and leukemia and lymphomas
     Metabolic disorders: gout, porphyria
     Hereditary metabolic disorders: Fiber disease

Persistent fever, which cannot be described even after repeated routine clinical inquiries, is called fever of unknown origin.
Pathophysiology:
The temperature eventually regulates the hypothalamus. A fever stimulus, called pyrogen, causes the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 then acts on the hypothalamus, which triggers a systemic response in the rest of the body, resulting in heat-producing effects at a new temperature level.

In many cases, the hypothalamus acts like a thermostat. When the point is raised, the body raises its temperature through both active and heat-maintaining active races. Both peripheral vasoconstrictions reduce heat loss through the skin and make a person feel cold. Norepinephrine enhances thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, and acetylcholine stimulates the muscle to increase metabolic rate. If these measures are insufficient to match the blood temperature in the brain to the new set point of the hypothalamus, then the throbbing starts more so that muscle movement can be used to generate more heat. When the hypothalamic set point goes back to baseline with either basics or medications, the reversal of these processes (eliminating vasodilation, vibration and heat production) and sweating to cool the body to a new, lower setting Used for

This is in contrast to hyperthermia, in which the normal order is maintained, and the body becomes warmer through excessive heat or the unwanted retention of undetected heat. Hyperthermia is usually the result of an overheated environment (heatstroke) or a negative drug reaction. Fever can be differentiated from hyperthermia by its surroundings and its response to antipyretic drugs.

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